Eating disorder symptoms were measured using the Multidimensional Assessment of Eating-Disorder Symptoms (MAEDS). before the subjects began the intervention) and post-treatment. Adverse event, eating disorder, and body image questionnairesĪn adverse event questionnaire was administered at baseline (i.e. Body weight was measured using a balance beam scale (HealthOMeter, Boca Raton, FL), and body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA iDXA, GE Inc.). Fast day meals were provided as a 3-day rotating menu, based on American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. All meals were consumed outside of the research center. Subjects were provided with meals on each fast day, and ate ad libitum on the feed day. All subjects consumed 25% of their baseline energy needs on the fast day (24 h), and ate ad libitum on each alternating feed day (24 h). Total energy expenditure was quantified by the Mifflin equation and appropriate activity factors. The primary outcome measures were body weight, adverse events, disordered eating symptoms, and body image perception. Study design and diet protocolĪn 8-week trial was implemented to test the study objectives. The experimental protocol was approved by the Office for the Protection of Research Subjects at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and all volunteers gave written informed consent. Key inclusion criteria were as follows: age 25–65 y, BMI between 30 and 39.9 kg/m, weight stable, previously sedentary, non-diabetic, non-smoker, and no history of cardiovascular disease. Obese subjects were recruited from the Chicago area by advertisements. Therefore, ADF produces minimal adverse outcomes, and has either benign or beneficial effects on eating disorder symptoms. ADF helped subjects increase (P < 0.01) restrictive eating and improve (P < 0.01) body image perception. Purgative behavior and fear of fatness remained unchanged. Depression and binge eating decreased (P < 0.01) with ADF. Bad breath doubled from baseline (14%) to post-treatment (29%), though not significantly. Some subjects reported constipation (17%), water retention (2%), dizziness (<20%), and general weakness (<15%). Obese subjects (n = 59) participated in an 8-week ADF protocol where food was provided on the fast day. Accordingly, this study examined occurrences of adverse events and eating disorder symptoms during ADF. Alternate day fasting (ADF ad libitum intake “feed day” alternated with 75% restriction “fast day”), is effective for weight loss, but the safety of the diet has been questioned.
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